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الظهر (al-dhahr) is a masculine noun meaning "back" in Arabic, referring to the posterior part of the human body or the back side of something. It is commonly used in both literal anatomical contexts and figurative expressions. The word is fundamental in everyday Arabic and appears in numerous idiomatic phrases and religious contexts.
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آلمني الألم في الظهر طول اليوم.
Ālamani al-alam fi al-dhahr tool al-yawm.
Back pain troubled me all day long.
جلس على ظهر الحصان.
Jalasat 'ala dhahr al-hisan.
He sat on the back of the horse.
لا تدير لهم الظهر، ساعدهم.
La tudīr lahum al-dhahr, sā'idhum.
Don't turn your back on them, help them.
ألقى الحقيبة على ظهره وذهب.
Alqā al-haqībah 'ala dhahrihi wa-dhahab.
He threw the bag on his back and left.
وقف خلفه بظهره إلى الجدار.
Waqaf khalfahu bi-dhahrihi ilā al-jidār.
He stood behind him with his back to the wall.
The word الظهر holds significance in Islamic culture, as it is also used to refer to the Dhuhr prayer, the midday prayer performed when the sun begins to decline from its zenith. Turning one's back (إدارة الظهر) to someone is considered a gesture of disrespect or betrayal in Arabic culture. The phrase "على ظهري" (on my back) metaphorically means bearing a burden or responsibility.
Remember that الظهر is masculine (al-dhahr), so it takes masculine adjectives and verb forms. It can function both as a literal anatomical term and in figurative expressions—context will determine the meaning. When expressing back pain, use "ألم في الظهر" (pain in the back) or the standalone phrase "وجع الظهر" (backache).
الظهر (al-dhahr) is a masculine noun in Arabic that translates to "back" in English. It refers to the posterior portion of the human body, extending from the neck to the lower lumbar region. Beyond anatomical usage, the word carries rich cultural and linguistic significance in Arabic-speaking communities. Understanding this word is essential for anyone learning Arabic, as it appears frequently in medical contexts, everyday conversations, and numerous idiomatic expressions.
In medical and anatomical contexts, الظهر is used to describe back-related conditions and injuries. For example, "ألم في الظهر" (pain in the back) is the standard way to express back pain in Arabic. Healthcare professionals and patients use this term regularly when discussing spinal health, posture, and muscular concerns. The word can also describe the back of any object, such as "ظهر الكتاب" (the back of the book) or "ظهر الحصان" (the horse's back).
Arabic uses الظهر metaphorically in numerous contexts that reveal cultural values. The phrase "إدارة الظهر" (turning one's back) is a powerful expression denoting betrayal, disrespect, or abandonment. This reflects how Arabic culture views physical gestures as meaningful indicators of social relationships. Conversely, "الوقوف بظهره" (standing at/with his back) implies support or partnership. The expression "على ظهري" literally means "on my back" but idiomatically signifies bearing a burden, responsibility, or hardship.
In Islamic terminology, الظهر also refers to Dhuhr, the midday prayer performed when the sun begins its descent from the zenith. This is one of the five obligatory daily prayers in Islam. The prayer timing is derived from the word's astronomical meaning—when the sun's "back" or shadow changes. Understanding this dual meaning is important for students learning about Islamic practices and religious vocabulary.
As a masculine noun, الظهر takes masculine articles and adjectives: "الظهر الصحي" (healthy back) or "ظهري الضعيف" (my weak back). The plural form is "ظهور" (dhuhur), used when referring to multiple backs. When possessive pronouns are attached, the word maintains its form: "ظهري" (my back), "ظهرك" (your back), "ظهره" (his back), etc.
In Arab culture, the concept of الظهر extends beyond the physical body. Standing firm with one's back straight symbolizes dignity and strength, while a bent back suggests burden or humility. These cultural associations influence how the word is used in literature, poetry, and everyday speech. The phrase "تحت ظهري" (under my protection) suggests safeguarding someone, demonstrating how the back metaphorically represents support and strength.
When learning الظهر, connect it to related vocabulary such as الصدر (chest/front), الرقبة (neck), and الخاصرة (waist). Practice using it in sentences describing physical positions and health-related discussions. Notice how it appears in news reports about medical issues, fitness discussions, and even in literary texts where it carries metaphorical weight. Listening to Arabic speakers discuss health concerns will help you internalize natural usage patterns.
الظهر is a fundamental Arabic word that serves both literal and figurative purposes. Its importance extends from basic anatomical vocabulary to cultural expressions that reveal deeper values within Arab society. Mastering this word and its various applications will significantly enhance your ability to communicate naturally in Arabic, whether discussing health matters, understanding idioms, or appreciating literary references.